Navigating the Excavator Market: 10 Essential Tips for Buying a Used Excavator with Vikfin

Investing in a used excavator can be a cost-effective solution for construction projects, and with Vikfin in the business of providing high-quality used equipment, you're on the right track. However, making the right purchase requires careful consideration and inspection. In this blog, we'll guide you through the ten essential things to look for when buying a used excavator, ensuring that your investment with Vikfin is a reliable and efficient addition to your construction fleet.

Machine History and Maintenance Records

Request comprehensive maintenance records and the machine's history to understand its usage, service intervals, and any major repairs. Vikfin ensures transparency, providing detailed documentation on the excavators in their inventory.

Inspect the Undercarriage

Inspecting the undercarriage of an excavator is a crucial step in assessing the machine's overall condition and longevity. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to inspect the undercarriage:

Safety First:

Before starting any inspection, ensure the excavator is parked on a level surface and securely supported with proper safety measures, such as engaging the parking brake and using support blocks.

Clean the Undercarriage:

Begin by cleaning the undercarriage to remove dirt, debris, and mud. This allows for a more accurate inspection of components.

Track Tension:

Check the tension of the tracks. Tracks that are too loose or too tight can lead to premature wear. Refer to the manufacturer's specifications for the correct tension.

Inspect Track Pads and Links:

Examine the condition of the track pads and links. Look for signs of wear, cracking, or missing pieces. Pay attention to any uneven wear patterns.

Check for Leaks:

Inspect the undercarriage for hydraulic fluid leaks, especially around the final drives. Leaks can indicate issues with seals or other components.

Sprockets and Idlers:

Evaluate the condition of the sprockets and idlers. Excessive wear or damage can impact the alignment of the tracks, leading to additional stress on the undercarriage.

Inspect Rollers and Bushings:

Check the rollers and bushings for wear and play. Excessive play can result in misalignment and premature failure. Rotate the rollers to assess for smooth movement.

Track Frame and Frame Rails:

Inspect the track frame and frame rails for any signs of bending, cracking, or welding repairs. A structurally sound undercarriage is crucial for the stability of the excavator.

Bolts and Fasteners:

Check the bolts and fasteners on the undercarriage components. Ensure they are tightened to the manufacturer's specifications and look for any missing or damaged bolts.

Undercarriage Components Alignment:

Assess the alignment of undercarriage components. Misalignment can lead to uneven wear and reduce the overall efficiency of the excavator.

Review Maintenance Records:

Refer to the excavator's maintenance records to understand its service history, especially regarding undercarriage maintenance and replacements.

Utilize Diagnostic Tools:

Some modern excavators come equipped with telematics and diagnostic tools. Use these systems to gather information on undercarriage health and performance.

Remember, a thorough undercarriage inspection is essential for identifying potential issues and ensuring the excavator's optimal performance. If you have any doubts or lack experience in inspecting heavy machinery, consider hiring a professional mechanic or technician to perform a detailed assessment. Investing time in a comprehensive inspection can save you from unexpected maintenance costs and downtime in the future.

Examine Hydraulic Systems

Examining the hydraulic systems of an excavator is a critical step in ensuring the machine's overall performance and efficiency. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to inspect the hydraulic systems:

Safety Precautions:

Before starting any inspection, ensure the excavator is on a level surface, the engine is turned off, and all hydraulic pressure is released. Engage safety mechanisms such as lowering the bucket to the ground.

Check Hydraulic Fluid Levels:

Inspect the hydraulic fluid levels in the reservoir. Ensure it is at the recommended level and free of contamination. Contaminated or low fluid levels can lead to system failures.

Inspect for Leaks:

Carefully check all hydraulic hoses, connections, and components for any signs of leaks. Pay attention to the cylinders, valves, and fittings. Leaks can indicate issues with seals or worn-out components.

Examine Hydraulic Hoses:

Inspect hydraulic hoses for any visible damage, such as cracks, abrasions, or bulges. Soft spots or swelling can be signs of internal damage. Replace damaged hoses promptly to prevent system failures.

Check Hydraulic Cylinders:

Inspect the hydraulic cylinders for signs of leaks, including oil accumulation around the cylinder rods. Operate the cylinders through their full range to ensure smooth movement without unusual sounds.

Evaluate Hydraulic Pump:

Assess the hydraulic pump for any unusual noises, such as whining or knocking, which could indicate internal issues. Check for leaks around the pump and ensure it is delivering the required pressure.

Test Control Response:

Start the engine and operate the controls to test the response of the hydraulic system. Check for delays or irregularities in the movement of the boom, bucket, and arm. The controls should be responsive and smooth.

Verify Attachment Functionality:

If applicable, test the functionality of any hydraulic attachments, such as thumbs, hammers, or grapples. Ensure that the hydraulic system effectively powers these attachments without any performance issues.

Check Hydraulic Filters:

Inspect and replace hydraulic filters as per the manufacturer's recommendations. Clogged or dirty filters can reduce the efficiency of the hydraulic system and lead to increased wear on components.

Inspect Reservoir Breather Cap:

Ensure the breather cap on the hydraulic reservoir is in good condition. A damaged or clogged breather can lead to pressure issues within the hydraulic system.

Utilize Diagnostic Tools:

If available, use diagnostic tools to assess the performance of the hydraulic system. Modern excavators often come equipped with sensors and telematics that provide valuable information about the hydraulic system's health.

Review Maintenance Records:

Check the excavator's maintenance records to understand the history of hydraulic system maintenance, including any repairs or replacements.

By systematically inspecting the hydraulic systems of an excavator, you can identify potential issues early on and ensure the machine's reliable performance. If you are uncertain about the inspection process or encounter any concerns, consider consulting a professional mechanic or technician for a more thorough evaluation. Regular hydraulic system maintenance is key to preventing costly repairs and maximizing the lifespan of the excavator.

Evaluate Bucket and Attachments

Evaluating the bucket and attachments of an excavator is crucial to ensure that the machine is equipped to handle various tasks efficiently. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to inspect the bucket and attachments:

Safety First:

Before inspecting, ensure the excavator is on a stable surface, the engine is turned off, and all hydraulic pressure is released. Engage safety mechanisms, such as lowering the bucket to the ground.

Examine the Bucket:

Inspect the overall condition of the bucket. Look for signs of wear, damage, or deformities. Pay attention to the cutting edge, side cutters, and bottom wear plates.

Check for Cracks and Welds:

Inspect the bucket for any cracks, especially around stress points and welds. Pay close attention to areas where the bucket is subjected to high loads or impact.

Evaluate Tooth Condition:

If the bucket has teeth, assess their condition. Check for wear, cracks, or missing teeth. Replace or repair damaged teeth to maintain optimal digging performance.

Assess Bucket Size and Type:

Ensure that the bucket size and type are suitable for the intended tasks. Different buckets are designed for specific applications, such as digging, grading, or trenching.

Inspect Attachment Connection Points:

If applicable, inspect the connection points for attachments. Ensure that pins, bushings, and locks are in good condition. Loose or damaged connections can affect the stability and performance of the attachment.

Test Hydraulic Attachment Operation:

If the excavator has hydraulic attachments, operate them through their full range of motion. Check for smooth and responsive movement without unusual noises. Evaluate the functionality of any hydraulically powered features.

Check Attachment Alignment:

Confirm that the attachment is properly aligned with the excavator's arm and boom. Misalignment can cause uneven wear and decrease the efficiency of the attachment.

Look for Signs of Misuse:

Inspect the bucket and attachments for signs of misuse or overloading. Misuse can lead to premature wear and compromise the structural integrity of the components.

Review Maintenance Records:

Check the excavator's maintenance records to understand the history of bucket and attachment maintenance. Look for any repairs or replacements that may have been performed.

Verify Wear Parts:

Check for the condition of wear parts, such as cutting edges, tips, and wear plates. Replace worn parts as needed to maintain the effectiveness of the bucket and attachments.

Consider Compatibility:

Ensure that the bucket and attachments are compatible with the specific make and model of the excavator. Using incompatible attachments can lead to performance issues and potential safety hazards.

Regular inspection and maintenance of the bucket and attachments are essential for the excavator's optimal performance. If you encounter any concerns or are unsure about the condition of these components, consult with a professional mechanic or technician for a more thorough evaluation. Keeping the bucket and attachments in good condition enhances the overall productivity and longevity of the excavator.

Check for Structural Integrity

Checking the structural integrity of an excavator is crucial to ensure the machine's safety and longevity. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to inspect the structural integrity of an excavator:

Safety Precautions:

Before starting any inspection, ensure the excavator is on a stable surface, the engine is turned off, and all hydraulic pressure is released. Engage safety mechanisms, such as lowering the bucket to the ground.

Visual Inspection:

Perform a visual inspection of the entire excavator, paying close attention to the main structural components, including the frame, boom, arm, and bucket. Look for any visible cracks, bends, or welds.

Check for Welding Defects:

Inspect all welded joints for any signs of defects, such as incomplete welds, cracks, or excessive splatter. Welding defects can compromise the strength of the structure.

Examine Stress Points:

Focus on stress points, which are areas subjected to higher loads, such as connection points, pivot points, and areas where the boom and arm meet. Look for signs of stress, deformation, or hairline cracks.

Assess Boom and Arm Alignment:

Confirm that the boom and arm are straight and aligned. Misalignment can indicate structural issues or wear in pivot points.

Evaluate Bucket Connection:

Check the connection between the bucket and the arm. Inspect pins, bushings, and locks for wear or damage. Ensure that the connection is secure and free from play.

Inspect Hydraulic Cylinder Mounts:

Examine the mounts of hydraulic cylinders for signs of movement, misalignment, or damage. Secure mounts are crucial for the stability of the boom and arm.

Evaluate Counterweight Condition:

If applicable, assess the condition of the counterweight. Ensure it is securely attached and free from cracks or damage. The counterweight contributes to the overall stability of the excavator.

Look for Signs of Repairs:

Check for signs of previous repairs. While repairs are not necessarily a red flag, it's essential to ensure that any repairs were performed to a high standard and did not compromise the structural integrity.

Use a Hammer Test:

Gently tap the structural components with a rubber or plastic hammer. Listen for any unusual sounds, which could indicate internal cracks or weaknesses.

Evaluate Track Frame and Undercarriage:

Inspect the track frame and undercarriage for any signs of bending, cracking, or damage. A structurally sound undercarriage is crucial for overall stability.

Consider Age and Usage:

Take into account the age of the excavator and the number of hours it has been in operation. Older machines with high usage may require more thorough inspections.

Review Maintenance Records:

Check the excavator's maintenance records to understand its history, especially regarding structural inspections, repairs, or replacements.

Utilize Diagnostic Tools:

If available, use diagnostic tools to assess the overall health of the excavator's structural components. Some modern excavators come equipped with telematics systems that provide valuable insights.

If you have any doubts about the structural integrity of the excavator, consider consulting a professional mechanic or technician for a more thorough evaluation. A comprehensive structural inspection is vital for identifying potential issues early on and ensuring the excavator's safe and efficient operation.

Test the Engine

Testing the engine of an excavator is a critical step to ensure its proper functioning and overall performance. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to test the engine:

Safety Precautions:

Before starting any engine tests, ensure the excavator is on a level surface, the parking brake is engaged, and all safety protocols are followed. Keep the work area clear of obstacles.

Visual Inspection:

Perform a visual inspection of the engine compartment. Look for any visible leaks, loose hoses, or damaged components. Check the condition of belts, pulleys, and the radiator.

Check Fluid Levels:

Verify that all essential fluids, including engine oil, coolant, and hydraulic fluid, are at the correct levels. Low or contaminated fluids can lead to engine issues.

Inspect for Leaks:

Look for any signs of oil, fuel, or coolant leaks around the engine. Leaks can indicate problems with gaskets, seals, or other components.

Battery Inspection:

Check the condition of the battery. Ensure it is securely mounted, and the terminals are clean and free of corrosion. Weak or damaged batteries can lead to starting issues.

Start the Engine:

Start the engine and listen for any unusual noises, such as knocking, rattling, or grinding. An abnormal sound may indicate internal engine problems.

Monitor Exhaust Smoke:

Observe the color and density of exhaust smoke. Blue smoke can indicate burning oil, black smoke may signal a fuel-related issue, and white smoke may suggest coolant entering the combustion chamber.

Check Idling Stability:

Allow the engine to idle and check for stable idling. An erratic or rough idle could be a sign of fuel system problems, air intake issues, or other engine-related issues.

Rev the Engine:

Gradually increase the engine speed and listen for any abnormal sounds. The engine should respond smoothly without hesitation or misfires.

Assess Throttle Response:

Test the throttle response by accelerating and decelerating. The engine should respond promptly and smoothly to changes in throttle input.

Evaluate Temperature:

Monitor the engine temperature gauge. The temperature should stabilize within the normal operating range. An overheating engine may indicate cooling system issues.

Perform a Load Test:

Engage the hydraulic systems and perform basic excavator movements, such as raising and lowering the boom, moving the bucket, and swinging the machine. The engine should maintain stable performance under load.

Monitor Gauges and Warning Lights:

Keep an eye on all dashboard gauges and warning lights. Unusual readings or warning lights may indicate issues with engine components or systems.

Utilize Diagnostic Tools:

If available, use diagnostic tools to perform a comprehensive analysis of the engine's electronic systems. Modern excavators often come equipped with advanced diagnostic capabilities.

Review Maintenance Records:

Check the excavator's maintenance records to understand the history of engine maintenance, including oil changes, filter replacements, and major repairs.

If any issues or concerns arise during the engine test, it's advisable to consult with a qualified mechanic or technician for a more in-depth inspection and necessary repairs. Regular engine testing and maintenance are crucial for ensuring the excavator's reliable and efficient operation.

Review the Cab and Controls

Reviewing the cabs and controls of an excavator is essential to ensure operator comfort, safety, and overall efficiency. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to inspect the cabs and controls:

Operator Comfort and Visibility:

Enter the operator's cab and assess the overall comfort and visibility. Check the seat condition, adjustability, and visibility through windows and mirrors.

Control Accessibility:

Ensure that all controls, levers, and switches are easily accessible from the operator's seat. Verify that the layout allows for convenient operation without unnecessary strain.

Inspect Control Functions:

Test each control function, including joysticks, pedals, levers, and buttons. Check for smooth and responsive operation. Any resistance or unusual noises may indicate issues with control mechanisms.

Monitor Instrumentation:

Review the instrument panel and gauges for clarity and functionality. Check that all indicators, meters, and warning lights are operational. Non-functional gauges or warning lights should be addressed promptly.

Test Air Conditioning and Heating:

If the excavator is equipped with air conditioning and heating systems, test their functionality. Ensure that the climate control system provides comfortable working conditions for the operator.

Evaluate Soundproofing:

Assess the level of soundproofing within the cab. Adequate soundproofing reduces operator fatigue and improves the overall working environment. Listen for excessive noise levels.

Check for Damage or Wear:

Inspect the interior surfaces for any signs of damage, wear, or tear. This includes the condition of the floor, ceiling, seat upholstery, and control panels.

Verify Safety Features:

Confirm the presence and functionality of safety features, such as ROPS (Roll Over Protection Structure) and FOPS (Falling Object Protection Structure). These structures are designed to protect the operator in the event of rollovers or falling objects.

Review Operator Manuals:

Refer to the operator manuals provided by the manufacturer to understand the proper usage and maintenance guidelines for the cab and controls. This ensures that operators are well-informed about the equipment.

Inspect Glass and Mirrors:

Examine the condition of all glass surfaces, including windows and mirrors. Ensure they are clean, undamaged, and provide clear visibility in all directions.

Test Lighting Systems:

Check all interior and exterior lighting systems. Verify that headlights, work lights, and cabin lights are functional. Adequate lighting is crucial for safe operation, especially in low-light conditions.

Evaluate Operator Ergonomics:

Assess the overall ergonomic design of the operator's seat and controls. Operator comfort is crucial for long working hours and can contribute to increased productivity.

Check Emergency Exits:

Verify the accessibility and functionality of emergency exits in case of an emergency. These exits should be easily reachable and operable from the inside.

Utilize Diagnostic Tools:

If available, use diagnostic tools to assess the electronic systems within the cab. Modern excavators often come equipped with advanced technology that can identify issues with controls and communication systems.

By thoroughly reviewing the cabs and controls of an excavator, you ensure the operator's safety, comfort, and efficiency, contributing to the overall productivity of the machine. If any issues are identified during the inspection, address them promptly to maintain optimal performance.

Run Diagnostic Tests

Running diagnostic tests on an excavator involves utilizing diagnostic tools and, in some cases, onboard computer systems to assess the performance and health of various components. Here's a general guide on how to run diagnostic tests on an excavator:

Use Manufacturer-Specific Diagnostic Tools:

Manufacturers provide specialized diagnostic tools designed for their specific excavator models. Acquire and use these tools to connect to the excavator's onboard computer system.

Locate Diagnostic Port:

Find the diagnostic port on the excavator. It is usually a standardized port (such as J1939 or J1708) where the diagnostic tool connects. Refer to the operator's manual or service manual for the specific location.

Connect Diagnostic Tool:

Connect the diagnostic tool to the diagnostic port using the appropriate cable. Ensure a secure connection to avoid data communication issues during the diagnostic process.

Power On the Excavator:

Start the engine of the excavator to power up the electrical systems. The diagnostic tool will communicate with the onboard computer and retrieve data related to the machine's performance.

Access Diagnostic Menu:

Navigate through the menu on the diagnostic tool to access the diagnostic functions. Depending on the tool and the excavator's make and model, options may include system checks, error code retrieval, and live data monitoring.

Retrieve Error Codes:

Check for any error codes or fault codes stored in the excavator's computer system. Error codes provide valuable information about specific issues affecting various components.

Interpret Error Codes:

Refer to the service manual or diagnostic tool documentation to interpret the error codes. Each code corresponds to a specific problem or malfunction within the excavator.

Perform System Checks:

Use the diagnostic tool to perform system checks on critical components such as the engine, hydraulic system, electrical system, and other major subsystems. Monitor live data to assess real-time performance.

Clear Error Codes (if applicable):

Once the issues have been addressed, and repairs or adjustments have been made, use the diagnostic tool to clear error codes from the system. This step confirms that the identified problems have been resolved.

Calibrate Sensors (if needed):

Some diagnostic tools allow for sensor calibration. If there are issues with sensor readings, calibrate the sensors according to the manufacturer's specifications to ensure accurate data.

Check Software Updates:

Ensure that the diagnostic tool's software is up-to-date. Manufacturers may release updates to address bugs, improve performance, or provide compatibility with newer excavator models.

Document Findings:

Document the diagnostic findings, including error codes, sensor readings, and any relevant information. This documentation can be valuable for future reference and maintenance planning.

Regular Maintenance Checks:

Integrate diagnostic tests into the regular maintenance schedule. Periodic diagnostic assessments can help identify potential issues before they lead to major failures, reducing downtime and repair costs.

Keep in mind that the process may vary depending on the make and model of the excavator and the diagnostic tool used. Always refer to the specific documentation provided by the manufacturer for accurate procedures and information related to diagnostic testing. If you're not familiar with diagnostic procedures, consider consulting with a professional technician or mechanic for assistance.

Inspect for Leaks

Inspecting for leaks on an excavator is a crucial part of routine maintenance to prevent potential issues and ensure optimal performance. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to inspect for leaks:

Safety Precautions:

Before beginning any inspection, ensure that the excavator is on a stable surface, the engine is turned off, and all hydraulic pressure has been released. Engage safety mechanisms, such as lowering the bucket to the ground.

Clean the Excavator:

Start by cleaning the excavator, especially in areas around hydraulic connections, hoses, and components. Removing dirt and debris makes it easier to spot leaks.

Inspect Hydraulic Hoses:

Carefully examine all hydraulic hoses for signs of leaks. Look for oil stains, wet spots, or visible fluid accumulation along the length of each hose. Pay special attention to connections and fittings.

Check Hydraulic Connections:

Inspect all hydraulic connections, including fittings and couplings. Ensure they are tight and secure. Leaks often occur at connection points due to loose fittings or damaged seals.

Examine Hydraulic Cylinders:

Inspect hydraulic cylinders for any visible signs of leaks, such as oil residue along the cylinder rods. Operate the cylinders through their full range of motion to check for leaks under pressure.

Inspect Hydraulic Pumps and Motors:

Check hydraulic pumps and motors for leaks. Look for oil stains or wet areas around these components. Inspect the pump drive shaft seal for any signs of leakage.

Evaluate Valve Blocks and Control Valves:

Inspect valve blocks and control valves for leaks. Examine each valve for oil stains or dampness. Pay attention to any unusual odors, as they can be indicative of hydraulic fluid leakage.

Check the Hydraulic Reservoir:

Inspect the hydraulic reservoir for signs of leaks around the filler cap, drain plug, or sight glass. Ensure that the reservoir is securely sealed.

Inspect the Engine:

Check around the engine for oil leaks. Common areas include the oil pan, valve cover, and gaskets. Address any oil leaks promptly to prevent engine damage.

Examine Fuel System:

Inspect the fuel system for leaks, particularly around fuel lines, filters, and the fuel injection pump. Address any fuel leaks immediately due to their flammable nature.

Check Coolant System:

Inspect the radiator, hoses, and connections for coolant leaks. Look for visible coolant stains, drips, or wet spots around the cooling system components.

Inspect Final Drives and Swing Gearbox:

Check for leaks around the final drives and swing gearbox. Inspect the seals and connections for any signs of oil seepage.

Evaluate Transmission and Travel Motors:

Inspect the transmission and travel motors for leaks. Examine the seals and connections in these components, as leaks can affect the excavator's mobility.

Document Findings:

Document any leaks found during the inspection. Note the location, severity, and type of fluid (hydraulic oil, fuel, coolant, etc.) involved. This information will be valuable for addressing issues during maintenance.

Address Leaks Promptly:

If leaks are identified, address them promptly to prevent further damage and maintain the integrity of the excavator's components. Tighten loose connections, replace damaged hoses or seals, and perform necessary repairs.

Regular leak inspections are essential for the overall health and reliability of the excavator. Performing these checks as part of routine maintenance helps prevent downtime, reduce repair costs, and ensures a safe working environment.

Consider the Age and Hours of Operation

Take into account the age of the excavator and the number of hours it has been in operation. This information provides insights into the machine's overall wear and tear.

Buying a used excavator with confidence requires a thorough examination of key components, and with Vikfin's commitment to quality, you can trust that your investment is in capable hands. By considering the machine's history, inspecting critical components, and evaluating its overall condition, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your construction needs. Vikfin's dedication to transparency and quality assurance ensures that each used excavator in their inventory is ready to tackle the challenges of your construction projects efficiently and reliably.

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Navigating the Excavator Market: 10 Essential Tips for Buying a Used Excavator with Vikfin

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